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Glaucoma also known as Kala motia, Kanchbind or Kala pani –Is a disease affecting people above the age of 40 years in most cases. Intra ocular pressure (IOP) or the pressure of the eye increases which leads to damage to the optic nerve. It is often confused with cataract and thus neglected.

Glaucoma Symptoms

Glaucoma often is called the “silent thief of sight,” because most types typically cause no pain and produce no symptoms until noticeable vision loss occurs. For this reason, glaucoma often progresses undetected until the optic nerve already has been irreversibly damaged, with varying degrees of permanent vision loss. But with acute angle-closure glaucoma, symptoms that occur suddenly can include blurry vision, halos around lights, intense eye pain, nausea and vomiting. If you have these symptoms, make sure you see an eye care practitioner or visit the emergency room immediately so steps can be taken to prevent permanent vision loss.

Diagnosis, Screening and Tests forGlaucoma Diagnosis

During routine eye exams, a tonometer is used to measure your intraocular pressure, or IOP. An abnormally high IOP reading indicates a problem with the amount of fluid (aqueous humor) in the eye. Either the eye is producing too much fluid, or it’s not draining properly. Normally, IOP should be below 21 mmHg If your IOP is higher than 30 mmHg, your risk of glaucoma damage is 40 times greater than someone with an IOP of 15 mmHG or lower. Other methods of monitoring glaucoma involve imaging of the eye’s optic nerve and internal structures (scanning laser polarimetry or SLP, optical coherence tomography or OCT, Visual field testing is a way for your eye doctor to determine if you are experiencing vision loss from glaucoma. Visual field testing involves staring straight ahead into a machine and clicking a button when you notice a blinking light in your peripheral vision. The visual field test may be repeated at regular intervals Gonioscopy is another test done to evaluate the angle of the eye.

Types of Glaucoma

The two major types of glaucoma are chronic or primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and acute angle-closure glaucoma. Glaucoma can be very destructive to your vision; in fact, it’s the second-leading cause of blindness in India. Primary open-angle glaucoma. This common type of glaucoma gradually reduces your peripheral vision without other symptoms. But by the time you notice it, permanent damage has already occurred. Angle-closure glaucoma. Angle-closure or narrow angle glaucoma produces sudden symptoms such as eye pain, headaches, halos around lights, dilated pupils, vision loss, red eyes, nausea and vomiting.